From its earliest colonial days, New York produced lots of trash.
What wasn’t dumped in the rivers by private carting companies or scavenged by rag-pickers piled up on streets, producing a terrible stench described as “a nasal disaster.“
The image above, by Italian painter Nicolino Calyo, shows trendily dressed Bowery Boys in the 1840s, unfazed by a pig beside them.
In an era before street cleaners and a real sanitation department, the metropolis relied on one tactic: free-roaming pigs, who fed on household food scraps tossed into the gutters.
Swine didn’t just eat trash in poor neighborhoods, like Five Points (above in 1827, with fat sows mixed into the crowds). Pigs could be found on more upscale streets as well.
Charles Dickens made much of their presence when he was touring Broadway in American Notes, a book about his travels in 1842:
“Two portly sows are trotting up behind this carriage, and a select party of half-a-dozen gentlemen hogs have just now turned the corner,” wrote Dickens. “Here is a solitary swine lounging homeward by himself. He has only one ear, having parted with the other to vagrant-dogs in the course of his city rambles. . . . They are the city scavengers, these pigs.”
In 1849, the city drove thousands of them toward the northern reaches of the city, and by 1860, swine had been banished above 86th Street—where there were still sparsely populated enclaves of shantytowns and rural villages.
By the 1870s, the city stopped dumping refuse in the rivers, and a decade later, the first garbage incinerators are built. In the 1890s, George Waring’s “White Wings” finally cleaned the city up.
Above: no more pigs, but New York still needed horses to cart away trash and ashes, now kept curbside in barrels, as this 1897 Alice Austen photo shows.
Tags: Alice Austen ash removal cart, Charles Dickens in New York City, Garbage carts 19th century NYC, New York City garbage, Nicolino Calvo, pigs in New York City, scavenger pigs New York Streets, trash removal NYC, White Wings
November 18, 2013 at 2:33 am |
The city has had a love/hate relationship with pigs since the earliest days. The Dutch burgomasters and schepens issued several decrees that pigs were to be penned and not allowed to roam free, as they ruined gardens and their rooting quickly turned the unpaved streets into mud. Petrus Stuyvesant repeatedly admonished the city leaders for not protecting the earthen banks surrounding Fort Amsterdam from damage by hogs.
As more streets became paved, roaming pigs made something of a comeback (although they had never been fully contained). The pavement kept them from damaging the streets and their scavenging was a benefit.
November 18, 2013 at 3:33 am |
Dear Ephemeral/Wild:
I can just picture Dickens LHAO writing that piece. I love this post.
Ann T.
November 18, 2013 at 3:51 am |
I had no clue they needed pigs to keep their streets clean. Thanks for sharing!
November 18, 2013 at 4:37 am |
Thank you–you are welcome! Dickens took a lot of heat for his negative review of New York in 1842.
November 18, 2013 at 6:52 pm |
Just what are “gentlemen hogs”?
November 18, 2013 at 11:46 pm |
It’s awful to take a stroll in NY on trash night …..a necessity but still overwhelming .
November 19, 2013 at 12:35 am |
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